8 Caterpillars and Inchworms from April 11-17 2021

These eight critters that I imaged in the neighborhood between April 11 and 17 had fascinated me but also mystified me. Inchworms are a subset of caterpillars. Seems that the locomotion means indicates which animal is which. Viewing video movement is a lot more helpful than viewing still captures. I looked up anatomy and diagrams, then viewed videos that contrast inchworms and caterpillars.

Overall Contrasts Between Inchworm and Caterpillar

"Inchworms" explains the familial relationship and big-picture contrasts.

The common name "inchworm" applies to a large group of caterpillars that includes many different species of moth larvae. ... In different regions throughout the United States, the common name inchworm may apply to native and non-native leaf-feeding caterpillars also known as spanworms, cankerworms, loopers, moth worms and measuring worms.

Common caterpillars have a series of true legs and fleshy "prolegs" that support movement from head to tail. In contrast, inchworms have true legs at the front and prolegs at the rear with a legless expanse in between. To travel forward, inchworms take it one end at a time, as though they're measuring their route. First, the rear moves forward, causing the legless midsection to arch or "loop" up. Then the inchworm lifts and extends its front end, and the rear begins to move again.

"Inchworm Identification" explains:

They're the larval stage of moths of the Geometridae family. ... The easiest way to identify inchworms is by their movement. Inchworms, also called cankerworms, bend their smooth bodies upward in the middle, bringing their hind prolegs up to meet their front true legs -- the legs that will remain in adult moth form -- then pushing their front legs forward to extend their bodies again. It looks almost as if the worms are measuring the tree branch as they walk.

• "Insect Anatomy: The Parts of a Caterpillar" and "Caterpillar Anatomy" each provides a good image that identifies caterpillar parts, followed by descriptions.
• One Google results page shows several diagrams of inchworms, although descriptions are not as easy to find.
• "How Caterpillars Crawl - Extreme Close Up" interestingly lives up to the video title.
• "Inchworms" shows several inchworms inching along for entertainment and amusement.
• "Caterpillars Dancing how they move crawl insect macro video" focus qualities are somewhat inconsistent, but close-in views contrast caterpillars from inchworms.

Mysterious Matchhead-esque Caterpillar/Inchworm

I recorded the half-inch critter April 11 and uploaded it to YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5_wI76Za4E, requesting some ID help. I received suggestions that don't seem to have panned out (Indian moth larva, fungus gnats). Looking online yielded close-but-no-cigars images. I did run across other prospective topic critters, such sawflies, maggots, and grubs. "What Are the 5 Types of Insect Larvae?" provides a good overview of wormy larvae types. For that matter, the Scarabaeiform ("grub") bore a head and body color/shape resemblance, but the rest of the description, nah.

Two Days, Two Inchworms

I recorded one on April 13, and the next one on April 14. No doubt, with their moving forms and also distinctive hind areas that resemble miniature hippo bodies and chunky, trunky legs.

Trapeezy Caterpillar, I Presume

Another April 14 capture, the critter was in suspension and view. The slowed-down clip seems to show glimpses of legs on the entire body length, so I concluded it was a caterpillar. I still waffle over whether I saw caterpillar legs or not. A video that accompanies mid-April "Central Texas caterpillars are out, but only some could potentially destroy your garden" shows a trapezey critter that definitely is an inchworm. OTOH, Google images and Shutterstock [] show trapezey critters that could be non-inchworm caterpillars.

Disheveled-looking Critter

It was not my most elegant capture (April 14), but interesting enough for me to attempt to ID it. The closest critters I thought it might be were "asp caterpillar" or "puss caterpillar", hairy like toupees, and dangerous to touch.

Little Critter with Bulbous Head and Hindsection

This final capture for April 14 was about the length of a pinky fingernail. It wasn't much of a mover, but just enough undulation to indicate it was a caterpillar.

Spasticky Caterpillar

This critter bounced around, then went on the straight and narrow, along a length of grout. I was able to view enough legs and motion to conclude it was a caterpillar, not inchworm.

Jadelike Caterpillar with Measuring Stick

This caterpillar was the critter I was most prepared to capture. After I placed a 4-inch ruler near it, it edged closer so I could record it in real time for distance. The color reminds me of light green jade.

Additional Meandering Buggy Resources

• "Learn about Texas Insects"
• "Caterpillar Facts & Worksheets"
• "Guide: Find Your Caterpillar With Photos and Descriptions"
• "How Does a Caterpillar Turn into a Butterfly?"
• "PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE SPECIES:SKIPPERS, BUTTERFLIES & MOTHS"
• "Inchworm Life Cycle" (excellent closeup of inchworm)
• "Infestation of Inchworms"
• "Oak Leaf Roller and Springtime Defoliation of Live Oak Trees"

Additional Meandering Resources Pertaining to the Matchhead-esque Critter

• Google results for "white worms with red heads" (attempt to ID the matchhead-esque critter)
• "Differences Between a Caterpillar & a Grub"
• "The Similarities Between Maggots & Caterpillars"
• "Identifying soil beetle pests"
• "Is it a Sawfly Larva or a Caterpillar?"
• "What Are Sawflies?"
• "Pantry Pests - Indianmeal Moths in Food" (at 1:43, large image)
• "Indian meal moth caterpillars feeding" provides a very close look, especially starting around 43-sec mark. Lack of dark markings indicate these caterpillars are not the matchhead-esque critter.
• "How To Get Rid Of Fungus Gnats ( Send'em To The Shadow Realm )" at the 39-sec mark, the worm looks transparent. Also good views starting about 3 1/2 minutes. Good info about gnat control.
• "Crap!! I think I might have Fungus Gnat Larvae"

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Related:

• "Leggy Bugs—Caterpillars (Lepidopteran Larvae, which Become Butterflies and Moths)"
• "Leggy Bugs--Inchworms"

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Peewee Leggy Bugs--Water Striders

Jesus! A bug type that can walk on water!

A neighbor walking with us spotted a bug he considered a "leggy bug", like several I had written about the last few months. From looking at images and diagrams of proportionally for legs vs. body length, I could agree. However, after peering more into the water strider (aka pond skater), I'd characterize the bug as a peewee leggy bug. These striders' body lengths measure only about 1/2". Their legginess, however, helps them navigate on water surfaces.

From Osborn School site "Water Strider"—"½ of an inch long … sometimes called 'Pond Skater', can run across the surface of the water, very sensitive to movement".

Enchanted Learning's site "Water Strider" has similar information with a descriptive diagram.

The water strider (also known as the pond skater) is a true bug that can run across the surface of water … The underside of the body is covered with water-repellent hair. … Most water striders are over 0.2 inch (5 mm) long. … The long, middle legs move this bug across the surface on the water like paddles. The long hind legs steer them and act as brakes. The short front legs are used to catch prey.

Coincidentally, I wrote about a "true bug" previously—the leaf-footed bug that visited me at one of my porch columns "Leaf-footed Bug Visitor". The commonality—piercing mouth parts: In the case of the water strider in BugFact's "Water Strider (True Bug)" site, using the bug POV, "[I] use my piercing mouth parts to suck the juices primarily from other insects or spiders, alive or dead."

Is the water strider a leggy bug like several I have written about recently? Yep, if considering ratios of body parts. "Water Strider (True Bug)" emphasis on legs—"I am able to slide along the surface of the water by distributing my weight evenly on my long legs. … I have two antenna and six long thin legs. My front legs are shorter than my back legs."

Bugguide.net's "Family Gerridae - Water Striders", shows the size to be a puny (3-16 mm, about .12 to .63 inches)—not as impressive as walking sticks, crane flies, or huntsman spiders.

An informative site, seemingly hostile to water striders, is PestWiki's "Water Strider: 8 General Facts and How to Get Rid of Them". (The descriptive illustration is pretty cool.)

They have short front legs which help them to capture aquatic insects in ponds. They also have wings on dorsal sides. They use their middle pair of hydrophilic legs for propulsion and their hind pairs for steering. The adult water striders come in two species i.e. one with wings n (sic) the other without wings.

How It Works' "How do water striders walk on water?" provides another description of mechanics and water-coping ability of this bug:

Despite being denser than water, a water strider doesn’t doesn’t sink; … The forces of attraction between all the molecules in the water pull the molecules at the surface together so that they lock like a thin elastic membrane of slightly denser molecules.…

The middle pair of legs, lying ?at on the water, are used as oars to ‘row’ over the surface while the rear pair act like rudders for steering. Long, splayed legs enable the pond skater to distribute its weight evenly over a greater surface area, further helping it to float.

Some TouTube Videos About Water Striders with Emphasis on Water-walking Talents

• "Water strider - walking on water"
  Handy succinct description—"Water strider walking on water using surface tension of water. Phylum: Arthropoda, Class: Insecta, Order: Hemiptera, Family: Gerridae."
• "How Do Water Striders Walk On Water?"
  Speeded up whiteboard presentation with diagrams and simple explanation.
• "Shadows reveal how insects walk on water - Headline Science"
  Intriguing study about measuring bugs' shadows and calculating the buoyant force.

A Male Water Strider Species with Captivating Courtship

"Male water striders evolved antennae to grab females by the eyes" describes a study of rheumatobates rileyi species of water strider. The male bug mates with the female, first using his antennae to physically capture her eyes. Besides vivid descriptions, the article includes a video of the couple in action.

Leggy Bugs--Praying Mantises

This bug is a fascinating study in bug looks for more than just legginess (big 'uns). The proper spelling is "praying", not its homophone "preying". From "PRAYING MANTIS INFORMATION AND STUDY", "The name praying mantis refers to the prayer-like stance of the insect (the name is often misspelled as "preying" mantis because they are predatory)." Evidently, they're built for predation with their "grasping, spiked forelegs called 'raptorial legs' (illustration)".

Prayingmantisshop notes the flexibility of the head—"permitting nearly 300 degrees of movement in some species and allowing for a great range of vision without the need to move their bodies". As for more physical information, the site notes "Praying mantises are often confused with phasmids (stick-leaf insects) and other elongated insects". Coincidentally, my previous article is about such bugs—"Leggy Bugs--Walking Sticks".

Praying mantises are noteworthy for the following main physical features:

• Long bodies. The wings that cover the longest part (abdomen) make me think of a tuxedo with tails.
• Long and robust-looking front legs that look like beefy human arms
• Long other legs
• Head with huge compound eyes that make me think of a pointy-chin alien icon head with oversize eyes

Bugguide.net's site "Order Mantodea - Mantids" summarizes:

Relatively large, elongate insects up to several inches long. Typical features include triangular heads with large compound eyes set on either side and usually three ocelli in between(5); very flexible articulation between the head and prothorax providing great mobility and allowing a mantid to "look over its shoulder"(6); raptorial forelegs used to capture prey.

For non-physical notable features, mantises' eating habits are carnivorous and cannibalistic. They trap and eat live prey. Some females cat males while copulating with them. Young mantises cannibalize siblings. Feast your eyes on a couple of beasty feasty links:

• "The Praying Mantis Life Cycle in Pictures"
• "Mantis Mating - Wildlife On One: Enter The Mantis - BBC"

Mantises can be pets or garden pest control. Of interest is the availability of places that sell egg cases (eggs clumped together) that hatch into baby mantises. SSuch sites, besides The Praying Mantis Shop, also offer advice on care and feeding. Some sites as follows (not intended as endorsements) also include at least rudimentary descriptions of mantises.

• "How to Take Care of your Praying Mantis Egg Case"
• "Live Praying Mantis Egg Case"
• "Praying Mantis – Friend or Foe?"

You can buy egg cases even at Amazon.

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Leggy Bugs articles:

• Centipedes and Millipedes
• Caterpillars (Lepidopteran Larvae, which Become Butterflies and Moths)
• Inchworms
• Crane Flies
• Daddy Longlegs
• Walking Sticks
• Praying Mantises
• Huntsman Spiders
• Grasshoppers

Leggy Bugs--Walking Sticks

Walking sticks are a different kind of leggy bug from others I've previously written about. These bugs look like twigs with daddy-longleggy legs and longish antennae. (Visit "Leggy Bugs--Daddy Longlegs" to read about the three bug types known as daddy longlegs.) View a walking stick navigating plant life and leaves, mostly upside down, in "Walking Stick insect!". (Towards the end, a hand enters the view, providing perspective of the subject's size and structure.)

Elementary Information in the First-Person (Bug) POV

Visit Bugfacts.net's "Walking Stick" site for elementary information from a bug's first-person narrative. The ruler and side views illustrate body part proportions. The size range is impressive—"less than 1 inch to over 1 foot in length, depending on my species." An entertaining animation video "Walking Stick • I'm a Creepy Crawly" reiterates Bugfact's basic information about walking sticks.

Life Cycle, Life Span, Male/Female Contrasts

From Bugfact's "Walking Stick" site:

three stages of development: egg, nymph and adult. The female can lay up to 150 eggs, dropping them one by one to the ground. My egg is also camouflaged and resembles a brown seed. I hatch in the spring as a nymph and resemble a tiny adult. My life span is one season.

From "Giant Walkingstick - (Megaphasma denticrus)"

In some species of Walkingstick, males ride on the backs of the females for most of their adult lives. Some types of Walkingstick females can reproduce asexually, where males are difficult to find.

Watch a stick insect emerge from its egg at "Stick Insect Hatching". The bug's uncurling and exiting is amazing to behold. You might feel exhausted from empathy after watching the six-minute video.

Size Matters

The National WildLife Federation's "Walking Sticks" states:

The biggest insects in the world are stick insects—one species measures over 20 inches long with its legs outstretched.

ABC.net's article amuses for its account of an Australian walking stick—"Australia's largest stick insect, daughter of Lady Gaga-ntuan, lays eggs at Melbourne Museum", updated January 7, 2016.

One of Lady Gaga-ntuan's offspring has now grown to become the largest known stick insect in Australia, at 56.5cm [22.24"] long.

Xinhuanet, a Chinese publication, reports "World's longest insect discovered in China", published May 5, 2016.

Zhao Li, with the Insect Museum of West China (IMWC) in Chengdu, found the 62.4-cm-long [24 inches] stick insect during a field inspection in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2014, breaking the record for length for all 807,625 insects discovered so far, according to the IMWC.

View "New Insect Species Breaks Record for World’s Longest" for truly up-to-date info about the size record-holding insect found in China named for Zhao Li, the scientist who found it.

If you want to see even more images and videos about walking sticks (bugs, not canes), Google image and YouTube video searches for "walking stick bug" and "walking stick insect" yield plenty. Also, BugGuide shows pictures that people submit.

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Leggy Bugs articles:

• Centipedes and Millipedes
• Caterpillars (Lepidopteran Larvae, which Become Butterflies and Moths)
• Inchworms
• Crane Flies
• Daddy Longlegs
• Walking Sticks
• Praying Mantises
• Huntsman Spiders
• Grasshoppers

Leggy Bugs--Inchworms

Inchworms are caterpillars in the Geometridae family of Lepidopteran larvae, which I wrote about in “Leggy Bugs—Caterpillars (Lepidopteran Larvae, which Become Butterflies and Moths)”. They have front and back leggy sections and long middles—caterpillars' version of canines' dachshund.

Wisegeek’s “What Are Inchworms?” has an overview and an image for introduction for these critters. They're leggier than adult insects, but seemingly shortchanged compared to caterpillars in my previous article. (I used the picture as a basis for my blog image.)

For a more extensive introduction to inchworm and animal categorization, Bug Guide's website for “Family Geometridae - Geometrid Moths” is a good place to start.

Kingdom Animalia (Animals)
Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods)
Subphylum Hexapoda (Hexapods)
Class Insecta (Insects)
Order Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths)
Superfamily Geometroidea (Geometrid, Swallowtail Moths)
Family Geometridae (Geometrid Moths)

Although inchworms are caterpillars, their locomotion is so odd that they deserve an article all their own. Their family, Geometridae, pertains to “earth” and “measuring”. Their physiology is more specialized than the caterpillars I wrote about previously. The Bug Guide explains:

the lack of prolegs in the middle of the body necessitates the peculiar method of locomotion, drawing the hind end up to the thoracic legs to form a loop, and then extending the body forward.

An excellent video of inchworm locomotion on a flat surface is “Inchworm Walking”. The caterpillar thrusts its front section forward, pulls the rear section up to the front legs, forming a loop, then repeats the motion. Its movement makes me think of a pelvis-shape strong enough to thrust out a very long torso and head. And yet, when fully extended, the head and front “arms” are strong enough to hoist the body and legs back to immediately behind the front end. The movement also seems like something a small, self-propelled slinky might make.

From Encyclopedia.com’s "Inchworm" description of inchworm movement:

inchworms lack appendages in the middle portion of their body, causing them to have a characteristic looping gait. They have three pairs of true legs at the front end, like other caterpillars, but only two or three pairs of prolegs (larval abdominal appendages), located at the rear end. An inchworm moves by drawing its hind end forward while holding on with the front legs, then advancing its front section while holding on with the prolegs.

The Bug Guide’s “Superfamily Geometroidea - Geometrid and Swallowtail Moths” provides most explanations and descriptions at the subfamily level.

Inchworms, unlike general caterpillars, metamorphose into only moths. Sciencing’s “Inchworm Life Cycle” explains:

The thousands of moth species in the family Geometridae are often referred to as inchworms when in the caterpillar stage. … This group of moths has a complete metamorphosis: They go through four stages during their life cycle.

More website resources:

• Mom.me's webpages with basic information about inchworms and moths that they become—
  • “Inchworm Facts”
  • "Facts About Inchworms for Kids"
  • “Inchworm Identification"
  • "The Lifespan of the Inchworm"
• “Chrysodeixis eriosoma”
  Caterpillars that resemble inchworms in looks and movements: “Some of their ventral prolegs are missing and this makes them move looper fashion, like the Caterpillars of GEOMETRIDAE.”

Additional videos featuring inchworms and their movements, some with interesting sways:

• "Inchworms"
  Ability to lift their front of the body at an angle as though bending from hips.
• “INCREDIBLE INCHWORM”
  Acrobatic inchworm with hoisting its body almost totally vertical on horizontal surface and other seemingly gravity-defying surface grippings.
• “Inch worm Highway”
  Inchworm walking the front legs forward, then dragging the rest of the body and rear legs forward. The body forms a loop as the rear section stops just behind the front legs.
• “Inchworm”
  Another great example of locomotion, this inchworm being brown-patterned.
• “The Happy Inchworm”
  Animation that shows motion as push from behind, pull from front, and no separate leg movement. This video is more for entertainment, although some commenters object to the violent outcome.

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Leggy Bugs articles:

• Centipedes and Millipedes
• Caterpillars (Lepidopteran Larvae, which Become Butterflies and Moths)
• Inchworms
• Crane Flies
• Daddy Longlegs
• Walking Sticks
• Praying Mantises
• Huntsman Spiders
• Grasshoppers

Leggy Bugs—Caterpillars (Lepidopteran Larvae, which Become Butterflies and Moths)

Butterfly and moth caterpillars have fewer legs than the leggy bugs I wrote about last month (“Leggy Bugs--Centipedes and Millipedes”).

One nice image I found was helpful with identifiers. View a nicely captured example of movement at "Close-up Caterpillar Footage".

My image shows a caterpillar with two possible paths to adulthood of butterfly or moth. The pupa stage is chrysalis or cocoon. A butterfly emerges from a chrysalis, and a moth emerges from a cocoon. Their antennae and body shapes differ. Butterflies are active in the daytime, while moths are active at night.

North Carolina State University's "Lepidoptera" site succinctly describes the order that butterflies and moths belong to:

The name Lepidoptera, derived from the Greek words "lepido" for scale and "ptera" for wings, refers to the flattened hairs (scales) that cover the body and wings of most adults.”

The site includes basic information about the caterpillar life cycle and the adult stages as butterflies and moths. It also discusses animal classification terminology, noting that Lepidoptera is a category (order) under Insecta (class). It also summarizes subcategories (families) of lepidoptera. One family, Geometridae, includes inchworms. (Their locomotion is so weird to me that I'm going to save writing about them in my next article.)

I’ve always wondered about caterpillars having many legs, yet emerging as butterflies or moths after complete metamorphosis, with only six legs. For differentiation between complete (four-stage) and incomplete (three-stage) insect metamorphosis, visit the Pacific Science Center Exhibits “Metamorphosis” site.

Another curiosity for me is that “caterpillar” is their larval term, whether they emerge as either of the flying insects. Swithzoo’s "Caterpillar" site explains: “The caterpillar's six front legs transform into the adult insect's legs, the other 'prolegs' disappear, wings grow, and the insect emerges as a beautiful moth or butterfly.”

Purdue’s “Is It a Moth or Is It a Butterfly?” elaborates on the caterpillar’s prolegs and other characteristics:

Caterpillars have a well-developed head and a cylindrical body, which is made up of 13 segments. Each of the three segments behind the head has a pair of legs, just like adult insects. But caterpillars also have some additional, fleshy, leg-like appendages - called prolegs - on other segments. Prolegs have tiny hooks at the end that function to grasp things such as the stems and leaves of plants.

The Library of Congress site “How can you tell the difference between a butterfly and a moth?” provides loads of helpful, short, section titles about these insects (wings, anatomy, behavior, cocoon/chrysalis, …).

Backyard Nature's site "Caterpillars” shows an image that indicates the site’s focus on these animals’ voraciousness—webpage title imaged as leaves chewed into contours of “CATERPILLARS”. Visit for close looks and reads about these leggy bugs.

More resources:

• GardeneGateeNotes “Cocoon versus chrysalis”
  This site shows a cocoon and chrysalis side by side and provides a short, nuts and bolts explanation.
• Diffen's "Butterfly vs. Moth"
  This site has a handy two-column table at the top, then more details and images. This site also includes a Related Comparisons section with links to pages comparing other related insects, other similar animals.
• Easy Science for Kids "Butterflies and Moths"
  A table near the top shows differences between moths and butterflies, followed by basic text and a diagram (parts identified) for those who are just starting to look into these flighty insects.
• Brittanica Kids site
  The main attraction is a helpful diagram of a butterfly and moth side-by-side and corresponding parts identifiers.
• Kids' Inquiry of Diverse Species site for “Butterflies and moths”
  This site’s format is question-and-answer, with basic and elementary approach.
• “Moths vs Butterflies”
  Entertaining video (mostly narration) of basic contrasts between these flyers.

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Leggy Bugs articles:

• Centipedes and Millipedes
• Caterpillars (Lepidopteran Larvae, which Become Butterflies and Moths)
• Inchworms
• Crane Flies
• Daddy Longlegs
• Walking Sticks
• Praying Mantises
• Huntsman Spiders
• Grasshoppers

Leggy Bugs--Centipedes and Millipedes

Leggy bugs can mean bugs that have lots of legs, or bugs that have long legs. Animal-kingdom bugs can mean insects (6 legs), arachnids (8 legs), or for me, creepy crawlies with way more legs than I care to count. Let's get to the long-bodied creepy crawlies first. Google is a great starting resource for viewing images (for this article, centipedes and millipedes).

Centipedes

Enchanted Learning shows a diagram and descriptive terms of parts. A more detailed diagram is at Amateur Entomologists' Society. Both of these webpages have good elementary information.

Millipedes

Google's hits for millipede images show some atop hands and other body parts (cringe). For sizes, one image that surprised me greatly showed someone using both hands to hold one. On the other hand (grin), one image shows a millipede on a finger, and another shows one with a penny.

Enchanted Learning shows a diagram and descriptive terms of parts. EL's millipede diagram is much more detailed than for the centipede. Amateur Entomologists' Society's diagram is similar to its centipede one.

The University of Bristol's 'Morphology" webpage has a really detailed image and scholastic explanation of anatomy. (The home page "Diplopoda" provides overview of millipedes.) BTW, "Chilopoda" is the term for centipedes, but U of Bristol doesn't have a special section for it. That is, replacing the URL part "chilopoda" for "diplopod" yields a not-found page.

My section about centipedes is short and the millipedes section only a bit longer. The most interesting information might be contrasts between the two creepy crawlies.

Centipede vs Millipede

A big difference in looks between these bugs is the number of legs per segment. Centipedes have one pair, and millipedes have two pairs. One helpful image with side by side drawings and descriptors is at the "Centipede vs. Millipede" section of "Top 10 Facts About Millipedes"..

In seeing so many Google image hits for millipedes where people handle them, I sensed that centipedes might be less receptive to handling than millipedes. Maybe another reason. Centipedes bite. "Millipedes of Petroglyph" provides a section for differentiating the two animals, and especially warning about the centipede's capability to bite and hurt. For a video featuring someone capturing one of each and explaining differences, view "Millipede vs Centipede!".

Additional sites that contrast these two members of Myriapoda (many-legged) subphylum—

• "Millipedes Vs Centipedes"
• "Millipedes or Centipedes"
• "Centipedes & Millipedes"
• "Centipedes vs. Millipedes?"
• "Which is Which?" portion of "GIANT AFRICAN MILLIPEDE"

For some whimsy, visit Gaming History about "Centipede" and "Millipede". Both sites describe the video games, scoring, and technical details. The Millipede site notes that the game (the successor to Centipede) had been originally called Centipede Deluxe. The Millipede site, besides describing the game play and technical details, includes a trivia section on differences between the two games. For videos about the games, visit YouTube and enter appropriate keywords.

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Leggy Bugs articles:

• Centipedes and Millipedes
• Caterpillars (Lepidopteran Larvae, which Become Butterflies and Moths)
• Inchworms
• Crane Flies
• Daddy Longlegs
• Walking Sticks
• Praying Mantises
• Huntsman Spiders
• Grasshoppers